3/6/2023 0 Comments Quit smoking app![]() Studies that exclude former smokers from observation are, by definition, unable to observe the role of an exposure (eg, e-cigarettes) on short-term and sustained cigarette smoking cessation as well as smoking relapse. As such, relapse among former smokers is a component of cessation, 28– 30 not an independent behavioral outcome. As described in Stages of Change Theory, 28– 30 the behavioral outcome of cigarette smoking cessation extends beyond simply the initial act of quitting among current smokers but also includes sustained abstinence (or staying quit) among former smokers. In addition to the methodological limitations, cessation studies that include only current smokers also have theoretical limitations. By definition, this exclusion introduces possible selection bias. If former cigarette smokers (ie, recent or long-term quitters) are excluded from observation, study samples are comprised of only those who have never attempted cessation or those who were unsuccessful in past quit attempts. Specifically, the exclusion of former smokers or successful quitters from the study sample resulted in the systematic exclusion of individuals with the outcome of interest (ie, cessation). However, these studies restricted samples to current cigarette smokers, presenting methodological and theoretical limitations, particularly for longitudinal studies. 7Ĭonversely, several clinical trials, 20– 22 population studies, 23– 25 and systematic reviews 26, 27 indicate e-cigarettes may be ineffective cessation devices and even lead to failed smoking cessation coupled with sustained e-cigarette use (ie, “dual use”). ![]() Thus, whereas studies have reported that e-cigarettes may be associated with cigarette smoking cessation, evidence remains in-conclusive due to the low quality of the research published to date. 19 However, this study had a methodological limitation given the number of long-term e-cigarette users (N = 72) was small relative to the number of non-users (N = 1500). 18 Additionally, one study found “long-term” e-cigarette users had greater odds of quitting conventional cigarettes, relative to those that did not use e-cigarettes. 16 Several studies and literature reviews cite e-cigarettes as an effective smoking cessation tool 17 and promote these devices as a substitute for smoking. 13– 15 To our knowledge, no previous studies have examined the differing impact of smoking cessation among young adults who are using e-cigarettes to quit smoking versus those who report using for other reasons.ĭetermining the impact of e-cigarette use on cigarette smoking cessation is a public health priority as smoking remains the leading cause of preventable death in the United States (US). 12 However, some qualitative studies of young adults highlight other motivations, such as doing “smoke” tricks, experimenting with new technology, or trying flavors like cherry and bubble gum. In one study of adolescents and young adults, 41.8% of the sample reported they had used an e-cigarette to quit smoking. 8– 11Īlthough smoking cessation remains a commonly cited motivation for using e-cigarettes, young adults report varied reasons for using these products. 2 Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are not an evidence-based method of smoking cessation, 7 although cigarette smoking cessation is one of the leading reasons for use among adults in general. 4 Pharmacological medications (eg, Buproprion, Varenicline), nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) (ie, patch, gum, lozenge, nasal spray, inhaler), and behavioral interventions significantly increase smoking cessation rates, 5, 6 and the combination of these approaches is recognized as an evidence-based method of smoking cessation. 2 Cessation during young adulthood (eg, 18–24 years old) is associated with long-term abstinence 3 and cessation prior to the age of 35 can result in life expectancy similar to never smoking. Cigarette smoking cessation substantially reduces tobacco-related disease and mortality 1 and is a core component of comprehensive tobacco control.
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